IMPROVING WRITING RECOUNT TEXT BY USING PHOTOGRAPHS

IMPROVING WRITING RECOUNT TEXT BY USING PHOTOGRAPHS

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

English is an international language. It is used all over the world. For that reason, it is important for people to master English orally and in writing, in order to be able to communicate and socialize with the world community.

English is the first foreign language taught at every school in Indonesia. The Indonesian government chooses English as the first foreign language to be taught in schools and as a major subject for the students from elementary school to university students, they realize how important English in their life, so the intend to master it, in such as way that they can use that language to communicate with other people in the world. Students must master four language skills, listening, speaking, reading and writing. Based on the concept and function, English has the purpose to develop those four skills and also the language components: vocabulary, structure and ??????

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IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT USING REALIA

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING PROCEDURE TEXT USING REALIA

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A Background of The Study

Language is used as a means of communication in society. Language can be regarded as a human criterion only human being speaks a language. People use language to convey the message each other, also they believe that language is the way to introduce their social identity to the other2. Oxford Advanced Learner¶s Dictionary stated that ³language is the system of sounds and words used by  humans to express their thoughts and feelings´.

There are many kinds of language in our life. Nowadays, English has become a very powerful language in the world. As one of international language, most communities in the world use English in communication. As the most important foreign language in Indonesia, English is one of the compulsory subjects taught in Junior High School (SMP), Senior High School (SMA), university, and now days English also is taught in Elementary school and even in the kindergarten. Moreover, English plays important role for?????

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IMPROVE DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH WRITING ABILITY THROUGH PICTURE SERIES OF THE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMPN

IMPROVE DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPH WRITING ABILITY THROUGH PICTURE SERIES OF THE SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMPN

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1  Background of the Study

Writing that is one of the parts of four language skills is very important to learn because it can express the idea through written form of knowledge. Fulwiler (2002:16) states that writing is never effortless thing because it is a messy, unpredictable and amazing process as the writer will be a little less hard on themselves when it doesn’t come out just right the first time. It means that expressing the idea in the written form is not an easy thing to do.

Writing is complex activity. Broughton et al. (2003:116) state that writing is no longer seen simply as a way of recording thoughts, feeling and the idea after the fact, but also as a key means of generating and exploring new thoughts and ideas. Teaching writing must be well planned by the English teachers in order to make the students easily understand how to write a good writing. According of the school based  curriculum for junior high school, one should be achieved in writing skill for the seventh grade students is the ability of constructing a good descriptive paragraph which consists of two parts such as identification and description about specific object.

When the researcher did the preliminary observation by doing an initial interview with the English teacher of the seventh grade students in the target school, he found that it was really difficult for the students to write a good descriptive paragraph although the materials had been given by using a conventional technique previously. In fact, many students frequently have problem in writing. It can be seen from the result of a preliminary research conducted by researcher when teaching practice at SMPN 3 Gianyar. The interviewed teacher admitted that she had tried to use technique of demonstration to teach descriptive paragraph; however, the students still had difficulties in constructing a good descriptive paragraph.

Regarding the students’ problem above, the researcher proposes a series of picture to overcome the problem encountered by the students. Picture series is the technique in which the researcher will show the students some pictures that are chronologically arranged; furthermore, the students will be asked to interpret the pictures being shown and ????

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Improving the Students’ Reading Comprehension Ability by Using Think-Ahead and Write (TAW) Strategy

Improving the Students’ Reading Comprehension Ability by Using Think-Ahead and Write (TAW) Strategy

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A.    Background

English is a global language that is used as a commonucation device between nation of different language. English plays an important role in process of communication between them and also English can accelerate science and technological development of a nation. English has four skills namely speaking, writing, listening and reading.  One of them is reading has played an important role in developing English skill. Reading is one ways to get information and it can improve people knowledge. By reading, people are able to know many things happen around them even they do not have to see it directly and through reading people can speak and write. Reading can make people become wide minded. Harvey  (1990 : 2) argues that purpose of reading in language is to inform ourselves about something we are interested in, or challenge on certain matters. In other words, to extend experience of the world in which we live.That is the reason why reading becomes a very important thing in learning. Beside that, in formal education, reading is also one way that people should do to fulfill their education.

The research found many problems that is faced by the students especially in reading comprehension. They are difficult to understand the passage otherwise if they face serious topics such as politics, economics, etc . Here, teachers play an important role to help them understand reading passage.

However, comprehending reading or getting answers from the questions in people’s mind is not as easy as people think especially if it is related with English. Some people prefer reading novel, megazine, short story, etc to academic books for pleasure. Whatever they read, it gives them some information about something or certain things, get answers from the questions in their mind if they understand or comprehend what they are reading.

In formal education, students asked to read academic books. Besides hearing explanation from their teachers, sometimes they have to understand their lessons by reading it directly. However, reading academic books sometimes make students bored especially in English lessons. Most of students in South Sulawesi find difficulties in comprehending a paragraph for example to identify the main idea of the paragraph that they have read (Asrawati)..

The main goal in teaching and learning English reading process is to comprehend the reading material, but the fact shows that the majority of the students are not competen English well, as (Halim, 1988 : 2) states that most students encounter the problem in comprehending an English text. They are at frustation level althought they have been learning English for years.

One of the ways to help students understand English passages is finding good strategies in reading. Teachers can give students strategies or guidelines to understand different types of texts, such as newspapers, fiction books, or academic books. Strategies can help them comprehend texts. Whatever that strategies, the most successful strategies have to make  students as readers continually set expectations for what they are about to read, they give them a way to keep checking themselves to see if they understand what they are reading, and they have them reorganize  information in a way that makes sense to them.

Think-Ahead and Write (TAW)  is a strategy to help students comprehend  texts. This strategy consist of some parts that help students develop their thinking ability. They will be taught to ask questions, create mental image and relate what they are reading. This strategy also make them think critically in reading passages with combining some parts in this strategy. Think-ahead and write (TAW) strategy is a way to make readers understand or comprehend what they are reading. This strategy combine some ways to comprehend text. Think-ahead and write (TAW) strategy consists of asking question and creating mental images or writing down readers’ understanding. This strategy have advantages to students, that is to make readers or students easy comprehend in reading passages and think about what they are reading. Because teaching students to think about what they are reading is an important way for them to use their skills to comprehend science, history, social studies, math, and many other subjects they will study throughout their education.

Furthermore, Himes (2007) stated that students have to comprehend what they are reading because comprehension is the reason for reading. It is actually the main goal of learning to read. If readers can read the words but do not understand what they are reading, they are not really reading.

Relating to the case above, the researcher will conduct a research in SMA Negeri 1 Noyan to the second grade students entitle  “Improving the Students’ Reading Comprehension Ability by Using Think-Ahead and Write (TAW) Strategy ”

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The Improving the Students’ Speaking Skill By Using Direct Method

The Improving the Students’ Speaking Skill By Using Direct Method

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.    Background of the Study

In learning English, there are four skills we must study. They are listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The four skills mentioned are divided into receptive and productive skills. Speaking and writing are productive skills, while listening and reading are receptive skills. Beside the four language skills above, Speaking is the process of building and sharing meaning through the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols. Speaking is a crucial part of second language learning and teaching. However, today’s world requires that the goal of teaching speaking should improve student’s communicative kills because students can express themselves and learn how to use a language.

Language is means of communication, and it is an integral part of human life. Therefore, everyone must be able to use it in speaking, to master speaking skill is one of the difficulties in learning English. Speaking is one way of finding information through oral communication in the world becomes more and more useful. According to the curriculum, the teaching English in Indonesia should emphasize four skills, namely reading, listening, writing, and speaking. To know English perfectly these four skills should be taught separately. However, the students’ in general can read and write English better than speak it. According to Rasyid stated that the teaching of English in Indonesian school has become perceived and realized need. The perception and realization of this need are based on the nation wide. Assumption that good mastery of the language will instrumentally function not only as the key to many doors to development

 In most conversation, the world flows with just the least of mental urge. People think about what to say, who they are talking to, where they are, and they also need to know how many times to talk. So, focusing on their accuracy and fluency is the main learning process to get developing of the students in their speaking performance.

Those condition probably caused by their lack of knowledge or there is not idea toward the material being tough, and also the techniques or methods are used not interesting for the students. Those cases are very influence the students learning achievement. Therefore, this research wants to improve the speaking proficiency of the students because many students have less skill in speaking.

Especially in at the eleventh grade SMA have a same problem in speaking the  students sometimes face many problems in learning English specially in speaking, for example the student are shy to speak, low motivation, less self confidence, afraid of making mistakes, the students sometimes are reluctant to speak English, and the students look confuse if the teacher call one by one of them came in front of class to performance their speaking because they do not know what their aims to speak, so their speak English grows slowly and also states that many students who wants speak other usually faces some troubles such as cannot produce their ideas, argument feeling communicatively. They sometimes can understand what other say but can not be able to communicate it.

Today, the teachers/educators have been trying some methods, strategies and techniques in teaching English to make the students easy to understand the language and applied it in their life. One of the ways in teaching English is using strategy as apart that cannot separate in education. Strategy refers to a plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal.

The direct method, which arrived at the end of the ninetieth century, was the product of reform movement which was reacting to the restrictions of grammar translation. Translation was abandoned in favors of the teacher and the students speaking together, relating the grammatical forms they were studying to objects and pictures, etc. in order to establish their meaning. The sentence was still the main object of interest, and accuracy was all important[1]

The direct method has one basic rule and that is that no translation is allowed. The meaning of the name ―Direct Method‖ comes from the fact that meaning is to be conveyed  directly  into  the  second  language  though  demonstration  and  visual  aids. 

Therefore the researcher would like to carry out a research in teaching and learning English process to deeply investigate “The Improving the Students’ Speaking Skill By Using Direct Method.

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