The Application of Contra-Tricentric Method to Improve the Students’ Speaking Ability (A Classroom Action Research)

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter present background, problem statement, objective of the research, significance of the research, scope of the research.

A.    Background

Language is the most important aspect in human interaction. People communicate and interaction with others using the language. In widely community, English has become international language. Most of the community in the whole word use English in order; they can communicate with others who have different language. From this English language is important to be teaching and learning by the students. And as the form of our government’s response toward this case, English language is put in the educational system in our country and it is teaching from elementary school until university and become a compulsory subject. In other

word, English has become a part of our life because it is very important vehicle for developing the country. Therefore, every one must be able to use it in speaking.

In the fact, one problem that usually find is that the students are capable of structure or reading, but still have the lack of speaking. Speaking is one of complex skills need to train continuously and surely in conductive situation, it is one of skills that become priority in English learning process. Without it learning process cannot be willing to work wither in class. Speaking is the process of building and sharing meaning of contexts (Chaney,??????? ????????

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INCREASING THE STUDENTS’ WRITING ABILITY THROUGH SEND A PROBLEM METHOD (classroom action research/PTK)

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A.    Background

Writing is expression of the writer’s idea by producing graphic symbols to form words, words to sentences, sentence to paragraphs on the paper, so the reader can follow what the writer means. ( Kroma and Byrne in Baya, 2006:13)

The ideas in symbol form as what Kroma and Byrne says above, may come from the writer’s felling or may come from the prior knowledge of the writer, such as; the result of reading book or magazine, watching TV, or even come from a discussion and seminar. The symbols can be expressed such on a paper in order that it can be consumed by someone or public.

Of course that writing has a special contribution whether for the reader or the writer itself. Martin in Axelrod said that writing has a special contribution to the way of people think. When

we write, we compose meaning. We put together facts and ideas and make something new, whether in a letter home, in a college essay, or in a memo to the boss. When we write, we create a complex web of meaning in which sentences have different relationships to each other. (Axelrod and Cooper, 1985:2)

He continued that writing also contributes uniquely to the way we learn. When we take notes during lectures or as we read, writing enables us to store new information in memory. Talking notes permits us later to review far tests or to find information for an essay????????    ????????

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Improving Reading Comprehension through Discovery learning method

CHAPTER   I

INTRODUCTION

A.    Background

We know  that  the English  language as  means of  international  communication   and it becomes  more  important  nowadays. Therefore the government of Indonesia places this language. In the curriculum not only the secondary schools, senior high school but also at in universities or institutes.

English as a foreign language involve four skills in language learning, they are: reading, listening, speaking, and writing. Beside the  four language  skills above , reading is importance to students  whose mother tongue  is not  English because they almost  do not opportunity  to hear or to speak  that language so in This  research, the  researcher  will  concern  with  reading skill. Richard (1998:35)

Reading is a flexible for the students, because they can get information from the text they have read. Reading   also is an active process indentifying   important ideas comparing. Nuttal (1998:89)

Reading skill are the ability to analyze, evaluate and synthesize what one read. They are the ability to see relationship of ideas and use them as an old reading (Halvonson  :1992:38)   reading consist  of some strategies to help  the reader evaluate and understand the content of the material.

Problem mostly occurs to the students when reading book. Sometimes students were facing a book but do not read at all. they just can mention symbol word without getting any idea from the book. The researcher herself experienced  when reading a book without any comprehension tends to feels sleepy

As the explanation above. The observation result when the researcher conducted teaching practice in IPA of SMAN 18 Makassar, the student reading comprehension skill still poor. Only a few of student can comprehend or can understand what they have read especially English text. It because many factors such as the student consider that English is a subject that very difficult, bored and scare because meaning and letters are different. The other factor is the teacher always uses the same method to teach  English subject like the direct method. It is also make  the students more  bore to study English. As value of observation is the class room the student has score 5.5. This score is a poor category. In this research the aim is to solve this problem until the student have a good score. While the standard curriculum is 6.5 the researcher wants  to achieve  the score  at 7.0 target  in learning reading comprehension. 

What a teacher has to consider as a prime important task how to design the reading course with strategies and techniques  to facilitate the students to comprehend to concept from the author’s mind in the text. There have been a lot of techniques and strategies  discussed by many expert dealing with reading comprehension. One of the technique to be offered here is Discovery Learning Method  in which students are learning how to interact with the text  they read. Mayer  (2003: 186)  point  out  that  the  Discovery  learning  method   is  a  teaching technique  that  encourages  students   to take  more  active  role  in  their  learning  process  by   answering   a  series  of  questions  or  solving  problems   designed  to  introduce   a  general concept.

Reading for general comprehension is a skill that involves absorbing the content   of the text . As the reader , we are not looking  for  specific  points  only, but  rather than it, we need  to began Based  on  explanation  above, the  writer  was  interesting  in conducting  entitle  “Improving Reading  Comprehension through  Discovery  learning of the students  at??????????????????????????

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